Be Bald and Free Day
National Dessert Day
Peace Corps Day *
International Top Spinning Day *
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MORE! Masaoka Shiki, Lillian Gish, and e.e. cummings, click__________________________________________________________
WORLD FESTIVALS AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYSChile – Santiago:
Ultra Chile Music Festival
Georgia – Mtskheta:
Svetitskhoveli Cathedral Day
Moldova – Chişinău: Hramul Chişinăulul
(capital of Moldova patron saint day)
Peru – Santa Fortunata de Moquegua
Tanzania – Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Day
(Uhuru Torch Race climax)
Ukraine – Day of the Ukraine Defenders
Yemen – October Revolution/Liberation Day
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On This Day in HISTORY 1066 – William the Conqueror’s Norman forces defeat Harold II’s English army at the Battle of Hastings
1563 – Jodocus Hondius the Elder born, Flemish engraver and cartographer; early maps of the ‘New World’ and Europe
1586 – Trial begins of Mary, Queen of Scots, for conspiracy in attempt to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I under the English Act for the Queen’s Safety
1618 – Sir Peter Lely born, English painter of Dutch origin, notable fashionable portrait painter, later portrait artist to King Charles I, then Oliver Cromwell, and then King Charles II
1641 – Joachim Tielke born, German musical stringed instrument maker; lutes, angelicas, guitars, violins, and viol da gambas
1644 – William Penn born, Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania
1656 – The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony enact the first legislation against the Quakers, levying a heavy fine on any ship bringing Quakers to the colony from England, and making Quakers subject to imprisonment or exile
1773 – The first recorded Ministry of Education is formed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Commission of National Education
1801 – Joseph Plateau born, Belgian physicist, pioneer in illusion of moving image with his invention, the phenakistiscope
1867 – Masaoka Shiki born, also known as Masaoka Noboru, Japanese poet and author of the Meiji period in Japan
1880 – Chief ‘Victorio’ Bidu-ya, and his Warm Springs band of Mimbreño Apaches, are killed by Mexican soldiers at Cero Tres Castillos in Chihuahua, Mexico
1882 – University of the Punjab is founded in Lahore, in what is now Pakistan
1884 – George Eastman, patents paper-strip photographic film
1888 – French inventor Louis Le Prince films Roundhay Garden Scene, the oldest surviving motion picture film in existence 1888 – Katherine Mansfield born, British novelist, short story writer, and essayist
1893 – Lillian Gish born, American screen and stage actress, director and writer; pioneer in film whose career spanned 75 years, from 1912 to 1987; The Movies, Mr. Griffith, and Me (autobiography with Ann Pinchot)
1894 – e.e. cummings born, American poet, author and playwright
1909 –Dorothy Kingsley born, American screenwriter for film, radio and television; was a “script doctor” at MGM, sometimes uncredited, she often re-wrote the ‘books’ (plots and dialogue) for MGM musicals, including Kiss Me Kate, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Pal Joey
1910 – English aviator Claude Grahame-White flies his Farman biplane over Washington DC, then lands on Executive Avenue near the White House
1912 – Campaigning in Milwaukee, former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is shot and mildly wounded by a mentally-disturbed saloon keeper. With the bullet still in the wound in his chest, Roosevelt delivers his speech as scheduled
1913 – The Senghenydd Colliery Disaster, U.K.’s worst coal mining catastrophe, is caused by high levels of airborne coal dust combined with methane-hydrogen gas, then the resulting fire and afterdamp (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen). 439 miners and one would-be rescuer are killed
1933 – Nazi Germany withdraws from the League of Nations World Disarmament Conference, to begin secret rearmament, in violation of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles
1938 – Dame Elizabeth Esteve-Coll born, British librarian and museum director; first woman appointed as a director of a national arts collection, the Victoria and Albert Museum (1987-1994); Vice-Chancellor of the University of East Anglia (1995-1997), resigned because of multiple sclerosis
1938 – Shula Marks born, South African history professor, School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London; also wrote monograph for WHO on Health and Apartheid; currently working on the public health campaign against the spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa
1944 – German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler
1947 – USAF Captain Chuck Yeager breaks sound barrier when the Bell X-1, a rocket-powered aircraft named Glamorous Glennis for his wife, reaches Mach 1
1949 – Under the Smith Act of 1940, which bans advocating or belonging to a group that advocated the violent overthrow of the U.S. government, the FBI prosecutes eleven Communist Party USA (CPUSA) leaders in one of the lengthiest trial in U.S history, lasting 10 months. Case is based on undercover informant testimony interpreting communist texts and organization meetings as violating the Smith Act. All 11 defendants are found guilty and sentenced to up to 5 years in federal prison, while all 5 defense attorneys receive jail sentences for contempt of court – two of them are disbarred
1956 – ‘Babassaheb’ (Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar), Indian jurist and social reformer who campaigns for ending discrimination against Dalits (‘Untouchables’); leads 385,000 followers in converting to Buddhism, launching the Dalit Buddhist Movement
1957 – Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first Commonwealth monarch to open an annual session of the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa
1958 – The U.S Atomic Energy Commission carries out an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site
1960 – Peace Corps Day *– On the presidential campaign trail, Senator John F. Kennedy asks students at University of Michigan how many would volunteer to serve their country and the cause of peace by living and working in the developing world
1962 – The Cuban Missile Crisis begins when a USAF U-2 pilot flies over the island and takes pictures of Soviet missiles being installed which are capable of carrying nuclear warheads
1964 – Martin Luther King is announced as winner of the Nobel Peace Prize
1966 – The Montreal Metro repaid-transit system begins operations in Canada
1968 – NASA’s Apollo 7 astronauts make first live U.S. TV broadcast from orbit1969 – The British fifty-pence coin is introduced, beginning the phase-out of the shilling
1979 – 200,000 people join the first Washington DC march for Lesbian and Gay Rights
1982 – Ronald Reagan proclaims the ‘War on Drugs’
1986 – Holocaust survivor and human rights advocate Elie Wiesel is named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize
1990 – Leonard Bernstein dies at age 72
1991 – Burmese (now Myanmar) opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize
1994 – Yasser Arafat and Yitzak Rabin receive Nobel Peace Prize for the Oslo Accords
1997 – Paul McCartney’s Standing Stone debuts 2000 – International Top Spinning Day * is launched by the Spinning Top & Yo-Yo Museum of Burlington, WI
2006 – The U.N. Security Council votes unanimously to impose punishing sanctions on North Korea for carrying out a nuclear test
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