Homemade Bread Day
Substitute Teachers Day *
Take a Hike Day *
World Philosophy Day *
World Prematurity Day *
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MORE! Vespasian, Grace Abbott and Jack Vettriano, click____________________________________________
WORLD FESTIVALS AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYSAzerbaijan – Day of National Revival
Czech Republic and Slovakia –
Freedom & Democracy (Students’ Day *)
France – Beaujolais Nouveau Day
Marshall Islands – Presidents’ Day
New Zealand – Canterbury:
Provincial Anniversary Day
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On This Day in HISTORYAD 9 – Vespasian born, becomes the forth Emperor in AD 69, the “Year of the Four Emperors,” and stabilizes the government; founds the Flavian dynasty which rules the Roman Empire for 27 years; these are reported as words he spoke on his deathbed:
794 – Japanese Emperor Kanmu (781-806) changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto; Kanmu travels by carriage in a grand procession to the new capital
1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scots (1292-1296)
1511 – Henry VIII of England concludes the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon
1558 – Queen Mary I of England dies, and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I
1603 – The trial for treason of English courtier and explorer Sir Walter Raleigh opens
1749 – Nicolas Appert born, French chef; “father of canning”
1777 – The U.S. Articles of Confederation are submitted to the states for ratification, a process that will take until March 1, 1781, when Maryland becomes the 13th and final state to ratify
1790 – August Ferdinand Möbius born, German mathematician and theoretical astronomer; discoverer of the Möbius strip, a non-orientable two-dimensional surface with only one side when embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space
1811 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the Chilean executive Junta
1820 – Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him
1839 – Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi’s first opera, debuts at Milan’s La Scala1856 – U.S. Army builds Fort Buchanan on the Sonoita River (now demoted to a creek) in southern Arizona, to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase
1866 – Voltairine de Cleyre born, American anarchist and Freethought Movement activist; prolific writer, poet and public speaker, who opposed capitalism, the state, marriage, and domination over women’s lives and sexuality by religion
1871 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York
1876 – Tchaikovsky’s Slavonic March premieres in Moscow, Russia 1878 – Grace Abbott born, American social worker and advocate for the rights of immigrants and for child labor laws; worked at Hull House, wrote weekly articles for the Chicago Evening Post exposing exploitation of immigrants; member of the Women’s Trade Union League; director of the Child Labor Division of the U.S. Children’s Bureau (1917-1919); author of several sociological texts
1880 – The first three British women graduate with London University Bachelor of Arts degrees
1903 – Russia’s Social Democratic Party splits between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks; Vladimir Lenin is the head of the Bolsheviks, while Julius Martov, a mentor and ally of Leon Trotsky, leads the Mensheviks
1904 – First underwater submarine journey, Southampton, England, to the Isle of Wight
1911 – Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, the first black Greek-lettered organization is founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C.
1913 – The steamship Louise becomes the first ship to pass through the Panama Canal
1913 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany forbids his officers to dance the Tango while in uniform, describing the dance as “Rinnsteinkind,” (a child of the curbstone)
1916 – Shelby Foote born, American historian and author; The Civil War: A Narrative
1917 – Ruth Aaronson Bari born, American mathematician; graph theory and algebraic homomorphisms; earned her MA at Johns Hopkins University in 1943, but had originally enrolled in the doctoral program; the university suggested that women in the graduate program should give up their fellowships so men returning from WWII could study; she acceded, marrying Arthur Bari, and raising their three children. Bari returned to Johns Hopkins in 1966, where she completed her dissertation on “absolute reducibility of maps of at most 19 regions” at the age of 47. In the early 1970s, she felt that math teachers in the Washington DC public schools were not as prepared as they should be, so she got a grant from the National Science Foundation to create and fund a pilot program for a master’s degree in teaching mathematics
1921 – The National Education Association (NEA) and the American Legion jointly sponsor the first American Education Week; Substitute Teachers Day * is one of the days of this annual series of events to highlight the importance of education and honor educators
1922 – Siberia votes for union with the U.S.S.R.
1933 – The U.S. recognizes the Soviet Union
1938 – Gordon Lightfoot born, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist1939 – Students’ Day * commemorates the execution of nine Czech students as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations over the death of medical student Jan Opletal. All Czech universities are shut down and over 1,200 students are sent to concentration camps
1942 – Dame Lesley Rees born, British professor and endocrinologist; Dean of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical College (Bart’s) from 1989–95, the first and only woman to hold this post; now Emeritus Professor of Chemical Endocrinology at Bart’s; she was the first Director of Education at the Royal College of Physicians in 1997
1945 – Lesley Abdela born, British expert on women’s rights and representation; adviser in 40 different countries to governments and IGOs (including the UN), NGOs, and the European Commission; broadcast journalist and public speaker; in the 1990 Queen’s Birthday Honours, appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for “services to the advancement of Women in Politics and Local Government”
1947 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath; the loyalty oath remained mandatory until the rock group The Grateful Dead refused to sign it in 1967, so the Board of Directors made it optional. The loyalty oath was not removed from the Screen Actors Guild bylaws until July, 1974
1951 – Jack Vettriano born, Scottish painter and philanthropist
1955 – Yolanda King born, American activist and actor, oldest child of Coretta Scott King and Martin Luther King Jr.; acted in Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), Our Friend, Martin (1999) and Selma, Lord, Selma (1999); supporter and ally of the LGBTQ Community; died at age 51 of complications related to a heart condition, just 16 months after her mother passed away
1962 – U.S. President Kennedy dedicates Washington’s Dulles International Airport
1964 – Susan Rice born, American public servant; U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (2009-2013); National Security Advisor (2013-2017); in 2012, she withdrew her name from consideration for Secretary of State after Hillary Clinton retired because of the ongoing Benghazi controversy, saying if she were the nominee, “the confirmation process would be lengthy, disruptive and costly.”
1965 – Amanda Brown born, Australian singer-songwriter-composer;The Go-Betweens 1969 – Rebecca Walker born, American author, feminist and activist; co-founder of the Third Wave Foundation, which supports efforts of young women of color, and queer, intersex, and trans individuals as activists and leaders in their communities
1980 – John Lennon and Yoko One’s album Double Fantasy is released
1982 – Empire State Building is added to the National Register of Historical Places
1988 – Benazir Bhutto becomes the first woman leader of an Islamic country
1989 – American Hiking Society begins sponsoring Take a Hike Day * to encourage people to discover the hundreds of miles of hiking trails in our national parks system
1989 – The “Velvet” Revolution: In Czechoslovakia, riot police quell a student demonstration in Prague, sparking an uprising to overthrow the communist government (which succeeds on December 29)
1991 – The Blue Man group debuts at New York’s Astor Place Theatre1993 – U.S. House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement
1998 – Jewel releases “Spirit” and Whitney Houston releases “My Love is Your Love”
2005 – UNESCO establishes World Philosophy Day *
2008 – Prematurity Day is begun by a coalition of European organizations – in 2011, it becomes World Prematurity Day *; today, there are media campaigns and events in over 60 countries
2010 – Researchers trap 38 antihydrogen atoms, the largest amount of antimatter ever trapped; in order to prove the antihydrogen has actually been trapped, it is quickly released (172 milliseconds) and the subsequent anti-atom annihilations on the detector’s trap walls are detected
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